Communications and Internet Law

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Overview

Media may be broadly grouped into two categories: print media, which includes newspapers, magazines and books, and telecommunications media, which includes radio, television, wire, satellite, cable, and the Internet. Some media laws—such as the First Amendment, state defamation and invasion of privacy laws, and federal and state open government laws—impact all forms of media. Other media laws, such as Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations, target only telecommunications.

First Amendment: Freedom of the Press

The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides that "Congress shall make no law...abridging the freedom...of the press." This provision now protects the freedom of the press from government interference, subject to some limitations. Judicial precedent has given Congress the authority to balance competing interests and create some limitations on free speech. For example, the FCC regulates obscene and indecent speech on the radio and television.

Reporters' Privilege: Shield Laws

A reporters' privilege refers to the limited First Amendment right many jurisdictions in the United States have given to journalists. This privilege, which comes from statutory law or judicial decisions, allows journalists to protect their confidential sources from disclosure and varies by state as to who may assert the privilege, what types of confidential information are protected, and the types of proceedings during which the privilege may be asserted.

Traditionally, states have only extended the reporters' privilege to individuals working for mainstream news media organizations. However, in California, an appeals court ruled that the same shield laws that protect print and broadcast journalists also protect online reporters, commentators and bloggers.

No federal shield law exists. In recent years, journalists have pressed Congress harder for one, particularly in the wake of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) leak scandal, in which federal investigators subpoenaed reporters who learned the name of undercover CIA agent Valerie Plame in order to learn what government sources leaked the information to the press. The reporters refused to comply with the federal grand jury subpoenas, asserting reporters' privilege. However, the courts rejected the claims for privilege and jailed reporter Judith Miller of The New York Times for not complying with the subpoena. Congress took up the issue of reporters' privilege in 2005 with the introduction of the Free Flow of Information Act of 2005, a shield law designed to protect reporters who seek to protect their anonymous sources in federal court proceedings. The bill did not become federal law and reporters may not rely on a reporters' privilege to avoid federal subpoenas.

The U.S. Department of Justice adheres to self-imposed guidelines for use of subpoenas, which are intended to protect the press by requiring that "all reasonable attempts should be made to obtain information from alternative sources" before issuing a subpoena to a journalist.

Federal Regulation of the Media

Several federal statutes seek to ensure the freedom of the press guaranteed by the First Amendment, such as the Freedom of Information Act and the Privacy Act. The Freedom of Information Act of 1966 (FOIA) applies to the federal government and allows citizens or organizations to request information from federal sources. This law specifies procedures for applying for documents from federal agencies, which are subject to penalties for failing to process a petition for information. FOIA has nine exemptions that may prevent the release of some information, such as those protecting individuals' privacy and national security interests. The Privacy Act of 1974 is a similar federal law that provides access to government documents.

The Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. § 151 et seq.) created the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which regulates interstate and foreign communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. The FCC replaced the Federal Radio Commission, created by the 1927 Radio Act, in order to combine telecommunication regulation of all wired and wireless services. FCC jurisdiction covers all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. possessions, and it is responsible for processing applications for radio and television station licenses and other filings, addressing listener and viewer complaints, conducting investigations, and developing and implementing regulations to protect the public interest in the airwaves. Separate branches of the FCC oversee different forms of media.

Congress overhauled the Communications Act of 1934 when it enacted the Telecommunications Act of 1996 with the goal of deregulating the telecommunication industry. The new law created comprehensive regulations for radio and television broadcasting, cable television and telephone services, Internet and on-line computer services, and telecommunications equipment manufacturing. In 1998, Congress enacted the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), which prohibits the making or selling of devices or services that are used to circumvent copy protection methods.

Media Regulation by States

State laws commonly affecting the media involve actions in tort for defamation, which is an untrue statement communicated to another person that harms the reputation of a person or organization, including attacks on a person's integrity, honesty, or virtue, resulting in public contempt, ridicule, or financial injury. Defamation can take two forms: libel, which is a printed form of the harmful statement; or slander, which is spoken. If a defamatory publication by the media harms a person's reputation, he or she may be entitled to money damages against the news organization. It is much easier for a private citizen to prove that his or her reputation has been harmed by libel or slander than a public official or public figure. Corporations may also sue for harm to their reputation caused by the media. Government agencies generally cannot sue for defamation.

Although the First Amendment guarantees press freedom, members of the news media must still comply with state and federal laws while reporting stories. State law and judicial decisions regulate acts committed by journalists, such as fraud, trespass, intrusion, eavesdropping and wiretapping, while reporting their stories.

All states also have passed their own, varying versions of the Freedom of Information Act that require disclosure of state and local government records, sometimes called "sunshine laws." Many states also have enacted open meetings laws. Open meetings laws do not always allow all citizens to attend meetings of state and local governments and regulatory authorities, but they do provide that media and representatives of the public can attend, and that the decisions and records be made available to the public. Some states combine their laws providing access to government records and meetings, and some states offer much broader access than others.

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Featured Cases

Skiles v. Facebook,Inc
5:2012cv00468
Filed in California Northern District Court
Type of Suit: Other Statutory Actions
Plaintiff: Stacie Skile. Defendant: Facebook, Inc.
Judge: Paul Singh Grewal
Cause Of Action: Fed. Question
(January 29, 2012)
Carroll v. Facebook, Inc.
3:2012cv00370
Filed in California Northern District Court
Type of Suit: Other Statutory Actions
Plaintiff: Julian Carroll. Defendant: Facebook, Inc.
Judge: Maria-Elena James
Cause Of Action: Fed. Question
(January 23, 2012)
Guyton v. Facebook, Inc.
3:2011cv05701
Filed in California Northern District Court
Type of Suit: Other Civil Rights
Plaintiff: Montez Guyton. Defendant: Facebook, Inc.
Judge: Jeffrey S. White
Cause Of Action: Fed. Question
(December 15, 2011)
Greenspan v. Random House, Inc. et al
1:2011cv12000
Filed in Massachusetts District Court
Type of Suit: Copyrights
Plaintiff: Aaron Greenspan. Defendant: Random House, Inc., Mezco, Inc., Benjamin Mezrich and Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc.
Judge: Robert B. Collings
Cause Of Action: Copyright Infringement
(December 12, 2011)
Burdick et al v. Facebook Inc et al
5:2011cv01214
Filed in Oklahoma Western District Court
Type of Suit: Other Statutory Actions
Plaintiff: Jacqueline Burdick. Defendant: Facebook Inc and Does One Through Ten.
Judge: David L. Russell
Cause Of Action: Fed. Question
(November 22, 2011)

More Featured Cases

Legislation

Bill Signed by President: S.602 Child Safe Viewing Act of 2007
A bill to develop the next generation of parental control technology.
December 01, 2008: Signed by President.
(November 30, 2008)
Bill Enacted: H.R.7084 Webcaster Settlement Act of 2008
To amend section 114 of title 17, United States Code, to provide for agreements for the reproduction and performance of sound recordings by webcasters.
October 15, 2008: Became Public Law No: 110-435.
(October 14, 2008)
Bill Signed by President: H.R.928 Improving Government Accountability Act
To amend the Inspector General Act of 1978 to enhance the independence of the Inspectors General, to create a Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency, and for other purposes.
October 13, 2008: Signed by President.
(October 12, 2008)
Bill Enacted: S.3477 Presidential Historical Records Preservation Act of 2008
A bill to amend title 44, United States Code, to authorize grants for Presidential Centers of Historical Excellence.
October 12, 2008: Became Public Law No: 110-404.
(October 11, 2008)
Bill Enacted: S.3325 The Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights Act of 2008
A bill to enhance remedies for violations of intellectual property laws, and for other purposes.
October 12, 2008: Became Public Law No: 110-403.
(October 11, 2008)

More Legislation

Regulations

Proposed Rule - Outage Reporting to Interconnected Voice Over Internet Protocol Service and ...
Federal Communications Commission
Proposed Rule
Outage Reporting to Interconnected Voice Over Internet Protocol Service and Broadband Internet Service Providers
,
33686-33699 [2011-14311]
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Part 4 [PS Docket No. 11-82; FCC 11-74] Proposed Extension of Part 4 of the Commission's Rules Regarding Outage Reporting to Interconnected Voice Over Internet Protocol Service Providers and Broadband Internet Service Providers AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. SUMMARY: The purpose of this document is to seek comment on a proposal to extend the Commission's communications outage reporting requirements to... [read document]
View Document | Download PDF
(June 8, 2011)
Rule - Television Broadcasting Services: Nashville, TN
Federal Communications Commission
Rule
Television Broadcasting Services:
Nashville, TN
,
33656-33657 [2011-14313]
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Part 73 [MB Docket No. 11-29; RM-11622, DA 11-949] Television Broadcasting Services; Nashville, TN AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Commission grants a petition for rulemaking filed by NewsChannel 5 Network, LLC (``NewsChannel 5''), the licensee of WTVF(TV), requesting the substitution of channel 25 for channel 5 at Nashville. According to NewsChannel 5, after WTVF(TV) transitioned from its pre-transition... [read document]
View Document | Download PDF
(June 8, 2011)
Rule - Maritime Communications
Federal Communications Commission
Rule
Maritime Communications
,
33653-33656 [2011-14314]
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Parts 2, 80 and 90 [WT Docket No. 04-344; FCC 11-80] Maritime Communications AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: In this document, the Federal Communications Commission (Commission or FCC) denies a petition for reconsideration of the period in which inland VPCSA incumbents must vacate Channel 87B, and declines to extend this period generally to non-AIS operations because such an extension would undermine the primary... [read document]
View Document | Download PDF
(June 8, 2011)
Proposed Rule - Provisions of Fixed and Mobile Broadband Access, Educational and Other Advanced ...
Federal Communications Commission
Proposed Rule
Provisions of Fixed and Mobile Broadband Access, Educational and Other Advanced Services:
2150-2162 and 2500-2690 MHz Bands
,
32901-32906 [2011-14001]
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Part 27 [WT Docket No. 03-66; RM-11614; FCC 11-81] The Provision of Fixed and Mobile Broadband Access, Educational and Other Advanced Services in the 2150-2162 and 2500-2690 MHz Bands AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: In this document, the Commission seeks comment on a proposal to use wider channel bandwidths for the provision of broadband services in certain spectrum bands. Specifically, we consider changes to... [read document]
View Document | Download PDF
(June 6, 2011)
Rule - Cable Landing Licenses; Correction
Federal Communications Commission
Rule
Cable Landing Licenses; Correction
,
32866-32867 [2011-14009]
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Part 1 [DA 11-668] Cable Landing Licenses; Correction AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Correcting amendment. SUMMARY: This document contains a corrected mailing address for the Defense Information Systems Agency in the regulations that we published in the Federal Register of January 14, 2002, 67 FR 1615. DATES: Effective June 7, 2011. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Adrienne Downs at (202) 418-0412 or JoAnn Sutton at (202) 418-1372 of... [read document]
View Document | Download PDF
(June 6, 2011)

More Regulations

Articles

Infrastructure: the Social Value of Shared Resources (Introduction)
B. Frischmann, INFRASTRUCTURE: THE SOCIAL VALUE OF SHARED RESOURCES, Oxford University Press, 2012 Brett M. Frischmann Yeshiva University - Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law Date Posted: February 09, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 1 downloads Major Changes in Asia Pacific Data Privacy Laws: 2011 Survey Privacy Laws & Business International Report, Issue 113: 1, pp. 5-14, October 2011, UNSW Law Research Paper No. 2012-3 Graham Greenleaf Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales Date Posted: February 09, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 2 downloads Privacy Enforcement Strengthens in Australia & New Zealand Privacy Laws & Business International Report, Issue 115, February 2012, UNSW Law Research Paper No. 2012-4 Graham Greenleaf and Katrine Evans Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales and Office of the New Zealand Privacy Commissioner Date Posted: February 09, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 3 downloads What's at Stake for Tribes? â The U.S. Department of Justice Office of Legal Counsel Opinion on Internet Gaming, Testimony of Dean Kevin K. Washburn, Oversight Hearing Before the United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, 112th Congress, Second Session Kevin K. Washburn University of New Mexico - School of Law Date Posted: February 07, 2012 Working Paper Series 65 downloads Global Data Privacy Laws: 89 Countries, and Accelerating Privacy Laws & Business International Report, Issue 115, Special Supplement, February 2012, Queen Mary School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 98/2012 Graham Greenleaf Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales Date Posted: February 06, 2012 Last Revised: February 09, 2012
(February 8, 2012)
Using Online Tools to Estimate the Geographic and Demographic Profile of Potential Business ...
Kyle Hutzler and Katherine Linton Yale University and affiliation not provided to SSRN Date Posted: February 06, 2012 Working Paper Series 1 downloads Will the Web Break? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, Forthcoming Jonathan Zittrain Harvard Law School and Kennedy School Date Posted: February 06, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 4 downloads Infancy Doctrine Inquiries Santa Clara Law Review, Vol. 52, pp. 47-80, 2012 Cheryl B. Preston and Brandon T. Crowther Brigham Young University - J. Reuben Clark Law School and Brigham Young University - J. Reuben Clark Law School Date Posted: February 05, 2012 Last Revised: February 09, 2012
(February 8, 2012)
Belarus and the Internet: Beyond the Misunderstanding, Still a Web Under Control
Aleksey Ponomarev and Horia-Victor Lefter Stockholm University and affiliation not provided to SSRN Date Posted: February 04, 2012 Working Paper Series 2 downloads A Method for Careful Study: A Proposal for Reforming the Child Pornography Guidelines Federal Sentencing Reporter, Vol. 24, No. 2, p. 108, December 2011 Troy K. Stabenow Office of the Federal Public Defender for the Western District of Missouri Date Posted: February 01, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 1 downloads Privacy, Property and the Right of Free Expression: Private Information and the Right to Know John A. Humbach Pace University School of Law Date Posted: February 01, 2012 Last Revised: February 02, 2012
(February 1, 2012)
Design for Symbiosis: Promoting More Harmonious Paths for Technological Innovators and ...
Communications of the Association of Computing Machinery, Forthcoming Peter S. Menell University of California, Berkeley - School of Law Date Posted: January 31, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 18 downloads Reversing the Privacy Paradox: An Experimental Study TPRC 2011 Victoria Groom and M. Ryan Calo Stanford University - Law School and Stanford University - Law School Date Posted: January 31, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 11 downloads Track Gap: Policy Implications of User Expectations for the 'Do Not Track' Internet Privacy Feature TPRC 2011 Aleecia McDonald and Jon M. Peha affiliation not provided to SSRN and Carnegie Mellon University Date Posted: January 31, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 5 downloads Duties of Care on the Internet TPRC 2011 Van Eijk Nico , Tom van Engers , Chris Wiersma , Catherine Jasserand and Wiebke Abel University of Amsterdam - Institute for Information Law (IViR) , affiliation not provided to SSRN , University of Amsterdam , affiliation not provided to SSRN and University of Edinburgh Date Posted: January 30, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 1 downloads Electronic Infringement of Copyright: A Real Challenge Ahead The IUP Law Review, Vol. I, No. 2, pp. 70-85, April 2011 Shashi Nath Mandal Hooghly Mohsin College Date Posted: January 30, 2012 Accepted Paper Series National Security Surveillance in an Age of Terror: Statutory Powers & Charter Limits Osgoode Hall Law Journal, Vol. 48, pp. 247-86, 2010 Steven Penney University of Alberta - Faculty of Law Date Posted: January 30, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 2 downloads Supporting Policies, Regulations and Milestones for Government 2.0 in the United States of America Ines A. Mergel Syracuse University - Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs Date Posted: January 29, 2012 Working Paper Series 4 downloads Copyrights in Cyberspace: A Roundup of Recent Cases Suffolk University Journal of High Technology Law, Vol. 12, p. 106, 2011, Suffolk University Law School Research Paper No. 12-07 Michael L. Rustad Suffolk University Law School Date Posted: January 27, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 12 downloads How Armenian Cybertorts Can Advance Civil Society Main Issues of Pedagogy and Psychology, Vol. 3, p. 117, 2011, Suffolk University Law School Research Paper No. 12-08 Michael L. Rustad Suffolk University Law School Date Posted: January 27, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 2 downloads Is Security Lost in the Clouds? TPRC 2010 Marjory S. Blumenthal Georgetown University Date Posted: January 27, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 4 downloads Do Wireless Networks Merit Different Net Neutrality than Wired Networks? TPRC 2010 Scott Jordan University of California, Irvine - Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences Date Posted: January 26, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 2 downloads Internet and Political Engagement: A New Integrated Model of Cyber-ÂDemocracy TPRC 2011 Chintan Vaishnav and Pedro Ferreira affiliation not provided to SSRN and Carnegie Mellon University - H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and ManagementInstituto Superior TÃ©cnico (IST) Date Posted: January 26, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 2 downloads Balancing Internet Regulation and Human Rights Aleksey Ponomarev Stockholm University Date Posted: January 25, 2012 Working Paper Series 50 downloads Funding Public Computing Centers: Balancing Broadband Availability and Expected Demand TPRC 2010 Krishna Jayakar and Euna Park Penn State University and affiliation not provided to SSRN Date Posted: January 25, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 2 downloads The Value of Open: An Update on Net Neutrality New York University School of Law Institute for Policy Integrity Policy Brief No. 9 Inimai Chettiar , James Scott Holladay and Jennifer S. Rosenberg American Civil Liberties Union , New York University School of Law - Institute for Policy Integrity and New York University (NYU) - Brennan Center for Justice Date Posted: January 25, 2012 Working Paper Series 5 downloads The Wayward Anti-Cybersquatter Consumer Protection Act: A Survey of 11 Years of ACPA Caselaw TPRC 2011 Robert Cannon Federal Communications Commission Date Posted: January 25, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 6 downloads Deep Packet Inspection and Bandwidth Management: Battles Over Bittorrent in Canada and the United States TPRC 2011 Milton Mueller and Hadi Asgharia Syracuse University - School of Information Studies and affiliation not provided to SSRN Date Posted: January 24, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 5 downloads A Nation of One? Community Standards in the Internet Era Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Entertainment Law Journal, Vol. 22, p. 145, 2011 Noah Hertz-Bunzl affiliation not provided to SSRN Date Posted: January 23, 2012 Working Paper Series 9 downloads Cyber Sanctions: Exploring a Blind Spot in the Current Legal Debate ESIL 2011 4th Research Forum Marco Benatar and Kristof Gombeer Free University of Brussels (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) and Free University of Brussels (VUB) Date Posted: January 23, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 29 downloads Hybrid Threats, Cyber Warfare and NATOâs Comprehensive Approach for Countering 21st Century Threats â Mapping the New Frontier of Global Risk and Security Management Amicus Curiae, Vol. 88, 2012 Sascha-Dominik Oliver Vladimir Bachmann University of Portsmouth - School of Law Date Posted: January 23, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 32 downloads Policy Issues Facing the Use of Social Networking Information During Times of Crisis TPRC 2010 Douglas Sicker , Dirk Grunwald , Lisa Blumensaadt , Leysia Palen and Kenneth M. Anderson University of Colorado at Boulder - Department of Computer Science , University of Colorado at Boulder , affiliation not provided to SSRN , affiliation not provided to SSRN and affiliation not provided to SSRN Date Posted: January 23, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 3 downloads Reconciling Economic and Political Goals in the Internet Ecosystem TPRC 2011 Johannes M. Bauer and Jonathan A. Obar Michigan State University and Michigan State University - College of Communication Arts and Sciences Date Posted: January 23, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 5 downloads Regulating Code: Inter-Disciplinary Empirical Case Studies in Governance and Regulation TPRC 2011 Christopher Marsden and Ian Brown University of Essex - School of Law and University College London Date Posted: January 23, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 9 downloads Should the Whole World Be Watching? The Tension between Social Networks and National Privacy Policies TPRC 2010 Phyllis Bernt Ohio University Date Posted: January 23, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 6 downloads Social Networks, Privacy, and Freedom of Association: Data Empowerment vs. Data Protection North Carolina Law Review, 2012, Ohio State Public Law Working Paper, 2011 TPRC Conference Peter P. Swire Ohio State University (OSU) - Michael E. Moritz College of Law Date Posted: January 23, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 78 downloads The Arms Race in P2P 37th Research Conference on Communication, Information, and Internet Policy, TPRC 2009 Kevin Bauer , Dirk Grunwald and Douglas Sicker University of Waterloo , University of Colorado at Boulder and University of Colorado at Boulder - Department of Computer Science Date Posted: January 23, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 3 downloads Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies TPRC 2010 J. Trent Adams , Kevin Bauer , Asa Hardcastle , Dirk Grunwald and Douglas Sicker affiliation not provided to SSRN , University of Waterloo , OpenLiberty.org , University of Colorado at Boulder and University of Colorado at Boulder - Department of Computer Science Date Posted: January 22, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 4 downloads Building Policy that Crosses Virtual Borders: A Case Study of a Virtual Labor Strike with Real World Ramifications TPRC 2010 Andrea Tapia and Bridget Blodgett Pennsylvania State University - Department of Labor Studies and Industrial Relations and Pennsylvania State University Date Posted: January 22, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 2 downloads Mixed Context and Privacy TPRC 2010 Jesse Sowell affiliation not provided to SSRN Date Posted: January 22, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 2 downloads Patent Litigation and the Internet John R. Allison , Emerson H. Tiller and Samantha Zyontz McCombs School of Busniess, University of Texas , Northwestern University - School of Law and George Mason University School of Law - Searle Civil Justice Center Date Posted: January 22, 2012 Working Paper Series 16 downloads The Role of Internet Service Providers in Botnet Mitigation an Empirical Analysis Based on Spam Data TPRC 2010 Michel van Eeten , Johannes M. Bauer , Hadi Asgharia , Shirin Tabatabaie and David Rand Delft University of Technology - Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management , Michigan State University , affiliation not provided to SSRN , affiliation not provided to SSRN and Trend Micro Incorporated Date Posted: January 22, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 4 downloads Who's Connected to Whom: The Impact of Liabilities and Network Structures on the Costs of Bad Behaviour Online TPRC 2011 Jonathan Cave University of Warwick Date Posted: January 22, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 4 downloads Beyond Public Good: Network Security as a Common Pool Resource TPRC 2011 Vaibhav Garg Indiana University Date Posted: January 20, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 3 downloads Who Offers Internet Banking? Quarterly Journal, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Vol. 19, No. 2, p. 27, 2000 Karen Furst , William W. Lang and Daniel E. Nolle Office of the Comptroller of the Currency , Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia and Office of the Comptroller of the Currency Date Posted: January 20, 2012 Accepted Paper Series 2 downloads A Consumer Decision-Making Theory of Trademark Law Virginia Law Review, Vol. 98, 2012 Mark P. McKenna Notre Dame Law School Date Posted: January 19, 2012 Last Revised: January 21, 2012
(January 20, 2012)

News

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Blogs

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Communications and Internet Law

Overview

First Amendment: Freedom of the Press

Reporters' Privilege: Shield Laws

Federal Regulation of the Media

Media Regulation by States

Featured Cases

Skiles v. Facebook,Inc

Carroll v. Facebook, Inc.

Guyton v. Facebook, Inc.

Greenspan v. Random House, Inc. et al

Burdick et al v. Facebook Inc et al

Legislation

Bill Signed by President: S.602 Child Safe Viewing Act of 2007

Bill Enacted: H.R.7084 Webcaster Settlement Act of 2008

Bill Signed by President: H.R.928 Improving Government Accountability Act

Bill Enacted: S.3477 Presidential Historical Records Preservation Act of 2008

Bill Enacted: S.3325 The Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights Act of 2008

Regulations

Proposed Rule - Outage Reporting to Interconnected Voice Over Internet Protocol Service and ...

Rule - Television Broadcasting Services: Nashville, TN

Rule - Maritime Communications

Proposed Rule - Provisions of Fixed and Mobile Broadband Access, Educational and Other Advanced ...

Rule - Cable Landing Licenses; Correction

Articles

Infrastructure: the Social Value of Shared Resources (Introduction)

Using Online Tools to Estimate the Geographic and Demographic Profile of Potential Business ...

Belarus and the Internet: Beyond the Misunderstanding, Still a Web Under Control

Design for Symbiosis: Promoting More Harmonious Paths for Technological Innovators and ...

News

Blogs

Jeffrey Moore

Andrew Bresalier

David Philip Shapiro Esq

Mark A. Siesel

Burton A. Padove

Andrew Bresalier