CALCRIM No. 3182. Sex Offenses: Sentencing Factors - Tying or Binding (Pen. Code, § 667.61(e)(5))
Judicial Council of California Criminal Jury Instructions (2024 edition)
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3182.Sex Offenses: Sentencing Factors - Tying or Binding (Pen.
Code, § 667.61(e)(5))
If you find the defendant guilty of the crime[s] charged in Count[s]
<insert counts charging sex offense[s] from Pen. Code, § 667.61(c)>,
you must then decide whether[, for each crime,] the People have proved
the additional allegation that the defendant tied or bound
<insert name[s] of alleged victim[s] or other person[s]> during the
commission of (that/those) crime[s]. [You must decide whether the People
have proved this allegation for each crime and return a separate finding
for each crime.]
<If there is an issue in the case as to whether the tying or binding occurred
“during the commission of” the offense, see Bench Notes.>
The People have the burden of proving each allegation beyond a
reasonable doubt. If the People have not met this burden, you must find
that the allegation has not been proved.
New January 2006
BENCH NOTES
Instructional Duty
The court has a sua sponte duty to give this instruction on the sentencing factor
when charged. (Apprendi v. New Jersey (2000) 530 U.S. 466, 490 [120 S.Ct. 2348,
147 L.Ed.2d 435].)
If there is an issue in the case as to whether the defendant acted “during the
commission of” the offense, the court may give CALCRIM No. 3261, While
Committing a Felony: Defined - Escape Rule. (See People v. Jones (2001) 25
Cal.4th 98, 109 [104 Cal.Rptr.2d 753, 18 P.3d 674]; People v. Masbruch (1996) 13
Cal.4th 1001, 1014 [55 Cal.Rptr.2d 760, 920 P.2d 705]; People v. Taylor (1995) 32
Cal.App.4th 578, 582 [38 Cal.Rptr.2d 127].)
AUTHORITY
• One-Strike Sex Offense Statute - Tying or Binding Factor. Pen. Code,
§ 667.61(e)(5).
• Factors Must Be Pleaded and Proved. Pen. Code, § 667.61(j); People v. Mancebo
(2002) 27 Cal.4th 735, 743 [117 Cal.Rptr.2d 550, 41 P.3d 556].
RELATED ISSUES
Binding Includes Placing Tape Over Victim’s Eyes
In People v. Campbell (2000) 82 Cal.App.4th 71, 77-79 [97 Cal.Rptr.2d 830], the
court held that “binding” included placing tape over the victim’s eyes to prevent her
from seeing.
911
SECONDARY SOURCES
3 Witkin & Epstein, California Criminal Law (4th ed. 2012) Punishment,
§§ 459-463.
5 Witkin & Epstein, California Criminal Law (4th ed. 2012) Criminal Trial, § 727.
5 Millman, Sevilla & Tarlow, California Criminal Defense Practice, Ch. 91,
Sentencing, § 91.102[2][a][ii] (Matthew Bender).
Couzens & Bigelow, Sex Crimes: California Law and Procedure § 13:9 (The Rutter
Group).
CALCRIM No. 3182 ENHANCEMENTS AND SENTENCING FACTORS
912
© Judicial Council of California.
