CALCRIM No. 3429. Reasonable Person Standard for Physically Disabled Person

Judicial Council of California Criminal Jury Instructions (2024 edition)

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3429.Reasonable Person Standard for Physically Disabled
Person
A person with a physical disability is required to (know what/use the
amount of care that) a reasonably careful person with the same physical
disability would (know/use) in the same situation.
New January 2006
BENCH NOTES
Instructional Duty
The court should give this instruction on request if the defendant has a physical
disability and the crimes charged or lesser offenses include a reasonable person
standard. (People v. Mathews (1994) 25 Cal.App.4th 89, 99-100 [30 Cal.Rptr. 2d
330].) This includes cases where the prosecution must prove that the defendant
“reasonably should have known” a fact, and cases involving negligence.
For example, in People v. Mathews, supra, 25 Cal.App.4th at pp. 93-94 [30
Cal.Rptr.2d 330], the defendant, who was blind, hearing impaired, and confined to a
wheelchair, was charged with brandishing a firearm at police officers when the
officers entered the defendant’s home. The issue at trial was whether the defendant
“reasonably should have known” that these were officers entering his home. (Id. at
p. 98.) The court held that the trial court erred by failing to give the defense’s
requested instruction that the defendant must be held to the standard of a reasonable
person with the same physical disabilities, not to the standard of a reasonable person
without disabilities. (Id. at pp. 99-100.)
If the case requires the prosecution to prove that the defendant “reasonably should
have known” a fact, then, in the first parenthesis, select the words “know what” and,
in the second, select “know.”
If the case requires the prosecution to prove negligence by the defendant, then, in
the first parenthesis, select the phrase “use the amount of care that” and, in the
second, select “use.”
By “same” disability, this instruction is referring to the effect of the disability, not
the cause.
AUTHORITY
• Instructional Requirements. People v. Mathews (1994) 25 Cal.App.4th 89,
99-100 [30 Cal.Rptr.2d 330].
• Authority. Restatement Second of Torts, § 283C; see also Restatement Second of
Torts, § 283B; CACI No. 403.
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RELATED ISSUES
Reasonable Person Standard Not Modified by Evidence of Mental Impairment
In People v. Jefferson (2004) 119 Cal.App.4th 508, 519 [14 Cal.Rptr.3d 473], the
court rejected the argument that the reasonable person standard for self-defense
should be the standard of a mentally ill person like the defendant. “The common
law does not take account of a person’s mental capacity when determining whether
he has acted as the reasonable person would have acted. The law holds ‘the
mentally deranged or insane defendant accountable for his negligence as if the
person were a normal, prudent person.’ (Prosser & Keeton, Torts (5th ed. 1984)
§ 32, p. 177.)” (Ibid.; see also Rest.2d Torts, § 283B.)
SECONDARY SOURCES
4 Millman, Sevilla & Tarlow, California Criminal Defense Practice, Ch. 85,
Submission to Jury and Verdict, § 85.04[1][b] (Matthew Bender).
3430-3449. Reserved for Future Use
CALCRIM No. 3429 DEFENSES AND INSANITY
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