Prohibited Financial Transactions and Exports, and Providing Material Support to Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations - Offenses Involving National Defense and Weapons of Mass Destruction
§2M5.1 | GUIDELINES MANUAL | November 1, 2005 |
(2) 14, otherwise.
Commentary
Statutory Provisions: 18 U.S.C. § 2332d; 50 U.S.C. App. §§ 2401-2420.
Application Notes:
1. In the case of a violation during time of war or armed conflict, an upward departure may be warranted.
2. In determining the sentence within the applicable guideline range, the court may consider the degree to which the violation threatened a security interest of the United States, the volume of commerce involved, the extent of planning or sophistication, and whether there were multiple occurrences. Where such factors are present in an extreme form, a departure from the guidelines may be warranted. See Chapter Five, Part K (Departures).
3. In addition to the provisions for imprisonment, 50 U.S.C. App. § 2410 contains provisions for criminal fines and forfeiture as well as civil penalties. The maximum fine for individual defendants is $250,000. In the case of corporations, the maximum fine is five times the value of the exports involved or $1 million, whichever is greater. When national security controls are violated, in addition to any other sanction, the defendant is subject to forfeiture of any interest in, security of, or claim against: any goods or tangible items that were the subject of the violation; property used to export or attempt to export that was the subject of the violation; and any proceeds obtained directly or indirectly as a result of the violation.
4. For purposes of subsection (a)(1)(B), "a country supporting international terrorism" means a country designated under section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act (50 U.S.C. App. 2405).
Historical Note:: Effective November 1, 1987. Amended effective November 1, 2001 (see Appendix C, amendment 633); November 1, 2002 (see Appendix C, amendment 637).
§2M5.2. Exportation of Arms, Munitions, or Military Equipment or Services Without Required Validated Export License
(a) Base Offense Level:
(1) 26, except as provided in subdivision (2) below;
(2) 14, if the offense involved only non-fully automatic small arms (rifles, handguns, or shotguns), and the number of weapons did not exceed ten.
Commentary
Statutory Provisions: 22 U.S.C. §§ 2778, 2780.
Application Notes:
– 262 –