Alternative Safety Measure (ASM)

A safety system or procedure provided by the appropriate traffic control authority which, after individual review and analysis, is determined by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) tbe an effective substitute for the locomotive horn at specific highway-rail grade crossings. ASMs include:

Modified Supplementary Safety Measures (SSMs)
Engineering Alternative Safety Measures (ASMs)
Non-engineering Alternative Safety Measures (ASMs) include the following:
- Programmed law enforcement
- Programmed public education and awareness
- Photenforcement

Source: Federal Railroad Administration

Last reviewed October 2024

Today on Verdict

Oral Argument Last Week in the Birthright Citizenship Case Suggests that Class Actions May be Preferable to “Universal” Injunctions for the Government, the Court, and Even the Plaintiffs

UC Davis Law professor Vikram David Amar and Illinois Law professor Jason Mazzone analyze last week’s Supreme Court oral arguments on President Trump’s birthright citizenship executive order, focusing not just on the order’s constitutionality but also on the procedural question of whether “universal” injunctions or nationwide class actions are the better tool for challenging federal policies.