Clemency Requests After Court-Martial Convictions
A military service member who has been convicted of a crime at a court-martial can ask for clemency, which may involve setting aside the conviction or reducing the penalties. A service member can request clemency either from the convening authority or from a clemency and parole board. The convening authority is the person who referred the case to a court-martial.
A convening authority generally will be less likely to grant a clemency request than a clemency and parole board. However, they might be more receptive if the service member can identify something that arose at trial that the pre-trial agreement did not take into account. If the convening authority denies clemency, a service member still can seek clemency from the clemency and parole board.
Pursuing Clemency From a Clemency and Parole Board
You will be eligible to receive clemency from a clemency and parole board at a time determined by the length of your sentence. A service member who is sentenced to less than one year of confinement probably will not be eligible for clemency. If they are sentenced to at least one year but less than 10 years, they generally will be eligible for clemency after serving nine months of confinement. When the sentence is 10 years or more, they will be eligible for clemency at the time when they would be eligible for parole. (Special rules apply to service members serving sentences of life without parole, for which only the Secretary of the Military Department at issue can grant clemency, and only after at least 20 years of confinement.) A service member would need to submit a petition to the clemency and parole board for their branch of the military, ideally with the assistance of an attorney.
A clemency and parole board consists of five senior military officers. They evaluate requests for clemency, parole, reduced penalties, mandatory supervised release, or restoration to duty. The Navy Clemency and Parole Board covers clemency requests by members of the Navy, the Marines, and the Coast Guard, while the Army and the Air Force maintain their own boards. The clemency and parole boards for the Army and the Navy will allow family members or friends of a service member (or the service member’s attorney) to appear on their behalf. The clemency and parole board for the Air Force reviews only written petitions.
The board will review several different factors in making its decision. It likely will consider the crime at issue, the military service history of the individual, any progress toward rehabilitation, and their situation in civilian life. The board also may review a statement by the victim of the crime, recommendations by the judge who convicted the service member, and psychiatric evaluations of the service member, among other factors. Once it reaches a decision, it will notify the facility where the service member is serving their sentence.
