CACI No. 4204. “Transfer” Explained
Judicial Council of California Civil Jury Instructions (2024 edition)
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4204.“Transfer” Explained
“Transfer” means every method of parting with a debtor’s property or
an interest in a debtor’s property.
[Read one of the following options:]
[A transfer may be direct or indirect, absolute or conditional, voluntary
or involuntary. A transfer includes [the payment of money/a release/a
lease/a license/ [and] the creation of a lien or other encumbrance].]
[In this case, [describe transaction] is a transfer.]
New June 2006; Revised June 2016
Directions for Use
This instruction sets forth the statutory definition of a “transfer” within the Uniform
Voidable Transactions Act (formerly the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act). (See Civ.
Code, § 3439.01(m).) Read the second bracketed option for the second sentence if
the transaction has been stipulated to or determined as a matter of law. Otherwise,
read the first bracketed option. Include only the bracketed terms at the end of the
first option that are at issue in the case.
Sources and Authority
• “Transfer” Defined. Civil Code section 3439.01(m).
• “On its face, the UFTA applies to all transfers. Civil Code, section § 3439.01,
subdivision (i) defines ‘[t]ransfer’ as ‘every mode, direct or indirect, absolute or
conditional, voluntary or involuntary, of disposing of or parting with an asset or
an interest in an asset . . . .’ The UFTA excepts only certain transfers resulting
from lease terminations or lien enforcement.” (Mejia v. Reed (2003) 31 Cal.4th
657, 664 [3 Cal.Rptr.3d 390, 74 P.3d 166], internal citations omitted.)
• “Civil Code section 3439.01, subdivision (m) broadly defines ‘transfer’ to mean
“every mode, direct or indirect, absolute or conditional, voluntary or involuntary,
of disposing of or parting with an asset or an interest in an asset, and includes
payment of money, release, lease, license, and creation of a lien or other
encumbrance.’ This definition is broad enough to include transfers of assets by
means of executing on a judgment obtained by fraud or collusion.” (Chen v.
Berenjian (2019) 33 Cal.App.5th 811, 817 [245 Cal.Rptr.3d 378], internal
citation omitted.)
• “Under this definition, there is no doubt that an agreement made during
marriage in which a debtor-spouse agrees that the nondebtor-spouse’s future
earnings, income, or assets would be the nondebtor-spouse’s separate property
constitutes a transfer because the debtor-spouse is parting with an interest in an
asset - the community property represented by the other spouse’s earnings - in
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which he or she has a ‘present [and] existing . . . interest[] during continuance
of the marriage.’ ” (Sturm v. Moyer (2019) 32 Cal.App.5th 299, 308 [243
Cal.Rptr.3d 556], original italics, internal citations omitted.)
• “In light of the suggestions raised by the legislative language and history, and
the strong policy - advanced by both the UFTA and section 911 of the Family
Code - of protecting the rights of creditors from fraudulent transfers, we
conclude that the Legislature must have intended that UFTA can apply to
premarital agreements in which the prospective spouses agree that each spouse’s
earnings, income, and property acquired during marriage will be that spouse’s
separate property.” (Sturm, supra, 32 Cal.App.5th at p. 315.)
• “Transfers to bogus corporations that are wholly owned and controlled by the
debtor are ‘transfers’ for purposes of the UFTA.” (PGA West Residential Assn.,
Inc. v. Hulven Internat., Inc. (2017) 14 Cal.App.5th 156, 173 [221 Cal.Rptr.3d
353].)
Secondary Sources
Ahart, California Practice Guide: Enforcing Judgments & Debts, Ch. 3-C,
Prelawsuit Considerations, ¶ 3:319 et seq. (The Rutter Group)
23 California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 270, Fraudulent Conveyances,
§§ 270.35[1], 270.37 (Matthew Bender)
1 Matthew Bender Practice Guide: California Debt Collection and Enforcement of
Judgments, Ch. 4, Voidable Transactions, 4.07
CACI No. 4204 UNIFORM VOIDABLE TRANSACTIONS ACT
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© Judicial Council of California.
