Fritch, Texas Elder Lawyers

Curtis Clark Hinshaw
Borger, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 23 years experience
(806) 274-5215 108 E 6th St
 Borger, TX 79007
Elder, Criminal, Divorce and Estate Planning
View Lawyer Profile
Shyla Reed Buckner
Amarillo, TX Elder Law Attorney with 25 years experience
(806) 468-3350 701 S Taylor St
 Amarillo, TX 79101
Elder and Estate Planning
View Lawyer Profile
Dana Lynette Young
Amarillo, TX Elder Law Attorney with 13 years experience
(806) 373-6808 203 W 8th Ave
 Amarillo, TX 79101
Elder, Consumer, Estate Planning and Social Security Disability
View Lawyer Profile
William R 'Bill'Taylor
Amarillo, TX Elder Law Attorney with 42 years experience
(806) 355-4443 2936 Duniven Cir
 Amarillo, TX 79109
Elder, Criminal, Divorce and Estate Planning
View Lawyer Profile
Jon Oden
Amarillo, TX Elder Law Attorney with 55 years experience
(806) 373-4333 500 S Taylor St
 Amarillo, TX 79101
Elder, Business, Estate Planning and Real Estate
View Lawyer Profile
Margaret L 'Meg'Morey
Amarillo, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 41 years experience
(214) 533-8555 6100 Purple Sage Cir
 Amarillo, TX 79124
Elder, Divorce, Estate Planning and Family
View Lawyer Profile
Keith Robert Jones
Amarillo, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 44 years experience
(806) 355-8147 2903 S Georgia St
 Amarillo, TX 79109
Elder, Estate Planning and Real Estate
View Lawyer Profile
Nicholas Lee Hamilton
Amarillo, TX Elder Law Attorney with 12 years experience
(806) 757-2109 203 W 8th Ave
 Amarillo, TX 79101
Elder, Bankruptcy, Consumer and Estate Planning
View Lawyer Profile
Mark Ensign
Amarillo, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 28 years experience
(806) 373-7705 500 S Taylor St
 Amarillo, TX 79101
Elder, Estate Planning and Tax
View Lawyer Profile
Charles Kessie
Canadian, TX Elder Law Attorney with 42 years experience
(806) 323-6542 209 Main St
 Canadian, TX 79014
Elder, Criminal, Divorce and Estate Planning
View Lawyer Profile
Amanda Amanda McAtee McAtee
Tulia, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 11 years experience
(806) 995-3526 PO Drawer L
 Tulia, TX 79088-0912
Elder, Family, Probate and Real Estate
View Lawyer Profile
Stephen Lee Rohde
Tulia, TX Elder Law Attorney with 47 years experience
(806) 995-3526 144 W. Broadway
 Tulia, TX 79088-0912
Elder, Business, Probate and Real Estate
View Lawyer Profile
James Norman Willi
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ASocial Media
Austin, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 21 years experience
(512) 288-3200 5920 W. William Cannon Drive
Building 6, Suite 100
 Austin, TX 78749
Free ConsultationElder, Estate Planning and Probate
University of Houston - Main Campus, South Texas College of Law and University of Houston - Main Campus
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
I focus my law practice on estate planning, wills, living trusts, firearms trusts, powers of attorney, living wills, probate and estate administration, trust administration, special needs trusts, disability planning, Medicaid applications and qualification, long-term care planning, elder law, Medicaid crisis planning, charitable planning, estate tax planning, business and corporate planning, business succession and sales, and asset protection. Willi Law Firm proudly serves Central Texas individuals and families in the following counties: Bastrop, Blanco, Burnet, Caldwell, Hays, Lampasas, Lee, Travis, and Williamson, and in the following communities: Austin, Bastrop, Brushy Creek, Buda, Burnet, Cedar Park, Driftwood, Dripping Springs, Elgin, Georgetown,...
Fran Brochstein
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ASocial Media
Houston, TX Elder Law Attorney with 26 years experience
(713) 847-6000 8978 Kirby Drive
 Houston, TX 77054
Free ConsultationElder, Arbitration & Mediation, Divorce and Family
South Texas College Of Law
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Attorney & mediator for all areas of family law (divorce, custody, child support, paternity, modification, family disputes, assistance in working with elderly parents, etc.) Price - $300 per side for 4 hours. Located by NRG Stadium. Free parking. Snacks provided. A safe and secure environment to try to resolve your issues.
John B Henry III
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Houston, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 7 years experience
(832) 464-5767 6300 West Loop South, Suite 610
 Houston, TX 77401
Elder, Estate Planning and Probate
Washington University in St. Louis
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Texas Attorney John B. Henry, III, practices throughout Texas, including Harris County, Jefferson County, Galveston County, Fort Bend County and the surrounding counties. Mr. Henry is a native of Texas, and he brings his perspective and experience to represent his client with the knowledge and care their matters deserve. His practice focuses on guardianship, special needs trusts, probate and estate administration, estate planning, and elder law. Mr. Henry's experience with these areas of law began with his work in the non-profit arena where he continues to devote his volunteer time to increasing access to justice for low-income Texans. Providing...
Lisa A Vance
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
San Antonio, TX Elder Law Attorney with 37 years experience
(210) 582-5887 814 N. Alamo St.
Suite 1
 San Antonio, TX 78215
Elder, Divorce, Estate Planning and Family
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
In the last several years, Ms. Vance’s practice has included a central focus on family and marital disputes.

She promotes a gentler focus on marital termination, convinced that a family’s energies should be spent on the healthy development of children, rather than concentrating on marital angst. Ms. Vance works closely with mental health providers, so that clients can heal, rather than continue to wound those they do, and have, loved. As a result, the firm promotes collaborative law for marital disputes, whenever appropriate. When necessary, however, to protect families, Ms Vance's trial skills successfully promote the best interests of her...
Cynthia L. Williams
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Bedford, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 18 years experience
(817) 318-0523 1909 Central Drive, Suite 302
 Bedford, TX 76021
Elder, Estate Planning, Probate and Tax
Texas Wesleyan University School of Law - Texas Wesleyan University
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Cynthia Williams has been practicing law in Tarrant County since 2000. She opened her private practice in Bedford, Texas in 2003. She worked as a Big-8 Tax CPA for approximately 10 years before becoming an attorney. She has been a Board Certified Tax Attorney since 2005.
Richard M. Barron
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Whitesboro, TX Elder Law Attorney with 36 years experience
(903) 564-3663 209 E. Main St.
 Whitesboro, TX 76273
Free ConsultationElder, Estate Planning and Probate
Texas Tech University School of Law
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Richard M. Barron founded the Barron Law Firm in 1991. He holds a Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration from Southern Methodist University and received his Law Degree from Texas Tech University School of Law. Richard is a Veteran of the Vietnam War. While in Viet Nam, he served as a Cobra Helicopter Aircraft Commander, and is the recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross; the Air Medal for Valor; twenty-eight Air Medals; the Bronze Star; a Purple Heart; and the Vietnamese Cross for Gallantry. He holds a Second Degree Black Belt in Tae Kwan Do. The firm has...
(800) 939-9093 1308 Teasley Lane
Suite 246
 Denton, TX 76205
(903) 564-3663 1400 Preston Rd.
Suite 400
 Plano, TX 75093
Russell Aldrich
Claimed Lawyer Profile
San Antonio, TX Elder Law Attorney with 6 years experience
(210) 549-8087 909 NE Loop 410
Suite 602
 San Antonio, TX 78209
Free ConsultationElder, Estate Planning and Probate
University of Pennsylvania
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Tammy Lyn Wincott
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ASocial Media
San Antonio, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 11 years experience
(210) 474-6221 900 NE Loop 410
Suite D-410
 San Antonio, TX 78209
Free ConsultationElder, Estate Planning, Probate and Real Estate
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Originally from the Thousand Islands region of New York. I relocated to Texas via the U.S. Air Force in 1988. I spent the first 15 years in Austin, prior to attending law school at St. Mary's school of law. Once licensed, I relocated to San Antonio.
Sharon Almaguer
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Dallas, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 28 years experience
(956) 451-3811 14902 Preston Rd., Suite 404-715
By Appointment
 Dallas, TX 75254
Free ConsultationElder, Business, Estate Planning and Family
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
An attorney with over twenty eight years of experience, Sharon helps individuals and companies resolve even the most difficult and complex cases in an efficient manner. Sharon has experience assisting clients in a variety of practice areas including estate planning, probate, guardianship law, elder law, wills and trusts, adoption law, special needs planning, qualified income trusts, medicaid eligibility, residential and commercial real estate, asset protection, corporate and business law, corporate and LLC formation, franchising, and ad valorem tax issues. Call to discuss your case or legal issue with us today.
(956) 451-3811 801 E. Fern Ave., Suite 139
 McAllen, TX 78501
(956) 451-3811 By Appointment
 Harlingen, TX 78550
(956) 451-3811 By Appointment
 Port Isabel, TX 78578
Mr. Matthew D. Shaffer
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Houston, TX Elder Law Attorney with 31 years experience
(713) 524-3500 3200 Travis St, 3rd Floor
 Houston, TX 77006
Free ConsultationElder, Employment, Environmental and Maritime
University of Houston Law Center and South Texas College of Law
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
I have been a lawyer for over 23 years. I first represented the other side of the docket for large corporate clients. I joined this firm over 15 years ago and began my life's work of representing working men and women. I am one of a small percentage of Texas lawyers who is Board Certified as a Personal Injury Trial Lawyer by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. I am also a past chairman of The Texas State Bar’s Grievance Committee for District 4C. I have been named a Texas Super Lawyer by Texas Monthly Magazine, an honor shared...
Darryl V. Pratt
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Frisco, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 20 years experience
(972) 712-1515 2591 Dallas Parkway, Suite 505
 Frisco, TX 75034
Free ConsultationElder, Business, Estate Planning and Tax
Oklahoma City University School of Law
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Darryl V. Pratt practices law in all areas of corporate and business law, non profit law, estate planning, probate, guardianship, asset protection planning, bankruptcy (Chapters 7, 13 and 11), real estate, and taxation. He is also a Certified Public Accountant in Texas and Oklahoma. Mr. Pratt focuses his practice on business representation and estate planning-probate and is a regular speaker on a variety of business law, non profit law, estate planning, asset protection, tax, bankruptcy, real estate and taxation topics. Mr. Pratt is a member of the Collin County, Denton County and Dallas County Bar Associations and the State...
(972) 712-1515 2591 Dallas Parkway, Suite 505
 Frisco, TX 75034
Matthew Davidson
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Fort Worth, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 6 years experience
(817) 900-6529 320 Purcey Street
 Fort Worth, TX 76102
Free ConsultationElder, Business, Estate Planning and Health Care
Regent University School of Law
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Matthew Davidson was born in Austin, Texas. He spent his high school years on a family ranch in Dripping Springs, Texas in the beautiful Texas Hill Country. After High School, Matthew attended and graduated from the University of Texas at Austin with a Bachelor of Arts in English and American Studies. After working in the financial industry, Matt attended Regent University School of Law in Virginia Beach, Virginia where he earned his Juris Doctorate. After law school, Matthew moved back to his home state and began practicing law in Fort Worth, Texas. Ultimately, Matthew and his brother,...
(972) 591-6603 700 South Central Expressway
Suite 400 PMB#006
 Allen, TX 75013
Brandy Austin
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Arlington, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 9 years experience
(817) 841-9906 2300 Michigan Court, Ste B
 Arlington, TX 76016
Free ConsultationElder, Estate Planning, Family and Personal Injury
Baylor Law School
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Brandy Austin is a founding member of the firm. Her practice specializes in personal injury, family law, small business litigation, and wills and probate. Brandy attended East Carolina University in Greenville, N.C. for her undergraduate degree. She majored in both English and Political Science. She went on to attend Baylor Law School and successfully completed Baylor's prestigious Practice Court program. She was part of Baylor's National Client Counseling Team and participated in their Moot Court Competition. Brandy went on to defend clients sued for medical malpractice, products liability, and personal injury. She has represented numerous clients at depositions,...
Nancy Hui
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ASocial Media
Spring, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 14 years experience
(281) 826-2635 24624 Interstate 45 North
Suite 200
 Spring, TX 77386
Elder, Estate Planning and Probate
University of Houston Law Center
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
An experienced attorney who takes pride in helping clients through a difficult time when they lost one of their loved ones by guiding them through the probate process. Nancy is also skilled in developing estate plans that meet you and your family's need to maximize asset protection and minimize tax liability. Nancy speaks fluent Chinese.
(281) 826-2635 11200 Broadway Street
Suite 2743
 Pearland, TX 77584
Richard 'Rick' Rousseau
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Harker Heights, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 29 years experience
(254) 699-9999 100 W. Central Texas Expressway
Suite 106
 Harker Heights, TX 76548
Elder, Estate Planning, Military and Probate
The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School and South Texas College of Law
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Colonel (Retired) Rick Rousseau has experience in every aspect of military law following 27 years on active duty as a Judge Advocate (JAG). He served in various positions, including twice as the Staff Judge Advocate (Senior Legal Advisor) for Fort Hood, Regional Defense Counsel, defense counsel, prosecutor, Special Assistant U.S. Attorney, medical claims attorney, administrative law attorney, and legal assistance attorney. Rick Rousseau served as a full-time law professor at The Judge Advocate General’s (JAG) School in Charlottesville, Virginia, where he taught estate planning, federal income taxation, estate & gift taxation, and veterans & survivor benefits. He...
(409) 515-6176 719 59th Street
 Galveston, TX 77551
Steven Rade Guy
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Jacksonville, TX Elder Law Attorney with 36 years experience
(903) 586-2595 215 East Commerce Street
 Jacksonville, TX 75766
Free ConsultationElder, Business, Divorce and Estate Planning
Baylor Law School and Baylor University
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
An East Texas native, Steven R. Guy has been practicing law in his home state for over thirty years. Mr. Guy has the distinction of being the only lawyer in Cherokee county who is Board Certified in both Personal Injury and Civil Trial Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, and Certified as a Civil Trial Advocate by the National Board of Trial Advocacy. He has also attained an AV peer-review rating from Martindale Hubbell, indicating preeminent legal ability and the highest ethical and professional standards. Mr. Guy practices in the areas of litigation: accidents, construction,...
Duana Boswell-Loechel
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Houston, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 13 years experience
(281) 549-9555 18333 N. Egret Bay Blvd
 Houston, TX 77058
Free ConsultationElder, Business, Estate Planning and Family
South Texas College of Law
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile
Duana has been practicing law for over 13 years and is board certified in Family Law in Texas. She received a resolution from the Texas Bar for pro bono work after Hurricane Ike. Duana then worked for Lone Star Legal Aid representing victims of domestic violence and sexual assault. She has extensive knowledge in probate matters and excels at probate litigation. Duana is also a mediator and can help resolve cases in civil, family and probate matters.
Brian Maverick
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
San Antonio, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 15 years experience
(210) 828-5151 6515 Broadway
 San Antonio, TX 78209
Free ConsultationElder, Business, Estate Planning and Probate
University of Houston Law Center
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Carolyn Dove
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Arlington, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 9 years experience
(817) 462-0006 1321 W. Randol Mill Road
Suite 102
 Arlington, TX 76012
Elder, Estate Planning, Probate and Tax
Southern Methodist University
View Blog View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Whitney Young Zwieg
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Weatherford, TX Elder Law Attorney with 20 years experience
(817) 675-9630 201 East Lee Avenue
 Weatherford, TX 76086
Elder, Business, Estate Planning and Probate
Oklahoma City University
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Whitney has been in the practice of law for 20 years. She specializes in Estate Planning, Probate and Business Incorporation.
David Wayne Chowins
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Lewisville, TX Elder Law Attorney with 20 years experience
(469) 630-2550 405 State Highway 121 Bypass
Suite A250
 Lewisville, TX 75067
Free ConsultationElder, Estate Planning, Family and Probate
New York University School of Law and University of Tulsa College of Law
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Ross F. Tew
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ASocial Media
Arlington, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 5 years experience
(817) 265-9002 2401 Garden Park Court
Suite A
 Arlington, TX 76013
Free ConsultationElder, Estate Planning, Probate and Real Estate
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
I grew up in Austin, attended Baylor, lived in Dallas with my wife for a number of years before moving to Fort Worth, started a family, and opened my practice.
Donald W. Mills
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Flower Mound, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 39 years experience
(214) 617-2260 1011 Surrey Ln., Bldg. 200
 Flower Mound, TX 75022
Free ConsultationElder, Divorce, Estate Planning and Personal Injury
Texas Tech University School of Law
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Terry Lynn Garrett
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ASocial Media
Austin, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 34 years experience
(512) 800-2420 4408 Spicewood Springs Rd.
 Austin, TX 78759
Elder, Estate Planning and Probate
Columbia University
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Terry Garrett advises people in Central Texas who are preparing for and enjoying their retirement years and people with special needs and their families. Her clients range from couples who are just starting out and people who want to stay in charge during retirement to families with multinational businesses. Having worked and studied in Asia for many years, she also enjoys advising on transnational planning. Terry Garrett graduated with honors from Cornell University. She was on the Dean's List at Wharton Business School. She earned her J.D. at Columbia Law School, receiving the Parker Award...
Richard L. Shea
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ABlawgsearchSocial Media
The Woodlands, TX Elder Law Attorney with 18 years experience
(832) 592-7913 9595 Six Pines Drive
Suite 8210
 The Woodlands, TX 77380
Elder, Divorce and Estate Planning
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile
I work directly with my clients to provide practical solutions to their legal challenges. I am one of the few attorneys in Montgomery County active in the field of Collaborative Divorce, providing an alternative for parents of young children to get divorced without destroying their relationship with their kids.
Taylor M Mohr
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Frisco , TX Elder Law Attorney with 6 years experience
(214) 741-2662 One Cowboys Way
Suite 175
 Frisco , TX 75034
Elder, Divorce, Estate Planning and Family
Baylor Law School
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Taylor Mohr distinguishes herself by offering effective, affordable, and compassionate legal services. Her practice focuses on family law in Williamson and Travis counties. She is a member of the Williamson County Bar Association, Texas Bar Association, Texas Trial Lawyers Association and the Baylor Law Alumni Association.

Taylor graduated from the Baylor Law School. She attended this prestigious university with a full-tuition scholarship. As a law student, she balanced her studies with a variety of extracurricular work, serving as Secretary and Executive Vice-President for the Student Bar Association and working as an editing assistant for professor Gerald Powell, director of...
Layne Peterson
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Georgetown, TX Elder Law Lawyer with 22 years experience
(512) 930-1202 1205 S. Austin Ave
 Georgetown, TX 78626
Elder, Estate Planning and Probate
University of Texas - Austin
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Expert legal and strategic advice by one of only a few attorneys in Williamson County who are board certified in Estate Planning & Probate. Specific types of matters include advice, drafting, review, and representation regarding wills, revocable trusts, living trusts, irrevocable trusts, dynasty trusts, IRA and retirement trusts, probate administration, trust administration, powers of attorney, living wills, guardianship, elder law, and asset protection planning with series LLCs. Georgetown, Williamson County, Texas attorney with University of Texas law school and business school degrees.
Charles E. Beachley III
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Lewisville, TX Elder Law Attorney with 35 years experience
(972) 538-0358 396 West Main St.
 Lewisville, TX 75057
Elder, Arbitration & Mediation, Divorce and Estate Planning
Southern Methodist University
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile Email Lawyer
Born New York, N.Y., April 14, 1951 admitted to Bar: 1982, Texas; 1983, U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas; 1984, U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit; 1986, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas; 1989, U.S. Supreme Court. Education: Paris Junior College, Paris, Texas (A.A. 1971); Trinity University (B.A., cum laude, 1973; M.F.A., 1976); Southern Methodist University (J.D., 1982). Adjunct Professor, Business Law, University of North Texas, 1992-1993. Lecturer, Lewisville Library Law Lectures, 1984-1986. Member, College of the State Bar of Texas, 1989-1998. Diplomate, National Institute for Trial Advocacy. Associate, Durand & Associates, P.C., 1990-2015. Sole Practitioner, 1986-1990....

Elder Lawyers in Nearby Cities

Elder Lawyers in Nearby Counties

FAQ Lawyers Get Listed

Related Practice Areas

Estate Planning
Health Care Law
Social Security Disability/SSI

Need a lawyer?

The Justia Lawyer Directory is a listing of lawyers, legal aid organizations, and pro bono legal service organizations. Whether you were injured, are accused of a crime, or are merely engaging in everyday affairs that affect your legal rights or property, an attorney can help you resolve problems or prevent new ones from arising.

Here are just a few situations where you might want to seek the advice of an attorney:

  • You were injured in a car or truck accident
  • You have been arrested and charged with a crime, such as DUI or shoplifting
  • You are considering separating from your spouse
  • You have been subjected to harassment or other discrimination at work

Use Justia to research and compare Fritch attorneys so that you can make an informed decision when you hire your counsel.

It is important to research an attorney before hiring him or her. Be sure to evaluate an attorney's experience (types of cases handled, prior results obtained, etc.). Although prior results are not indicative of the likelihood of success in your case, they can help you make an informed decision.

Also worth serious consideration is the attorney's location, particularly if you will be traveling to visit him or her for consultations.

Finally, research an attorney to see whether he or she has ever been subject to discipline. Although disciplinary actions do not necessarily impact the attorney's competence to handle your case, they may affect your decision whether to hire.

Researching Attorney Discipline

Find out whether an attorney has ever been disciplined.