Vienna, Virginia Business Lawyers

Sponsored Listings
PREMIUM
F. Paul Maloof
(703) 684-2000Free Consultation
Before you make a critical and costly legal goof, call Attorney Paul Maloof
View Website Email Lawyer View Profile
PREMIUM
Merritt James Green
(703) 556-0411Free Consultation
McLean, VA Business Law Lawyer
19 years experience
View Website Email Lawyer View Profile
PREMIUM
Mr. Thomas Mansfield Dunlap
(202) 316-8558
Washington, DC Business Law Lawyer
Email Lawyer View Profile
Get Featured, Get Found. Learn about premium placements
Attorney at Law
PREMIUM
Get Featured, Get Found.
View Website Email Lawyer View Profile
Bernard John-Eduard van Gils
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Vienna, VA Business Law Attorney.
1934 Old Gallows Road, Suite 510
 Vienna, VA 22182
Business, Estate Planning, IP and International
American University Washington College of Law
Show Preview
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Bernard "Bert" van Gils works in the areas of estate planning and business law. His business practice includes general counsel services, local and international business transactions, copyrights, trademarks and non-profit organizations. He has facilitated, negotiated and drafted transactions for companies active throughout the United States and for companies conducting business in Europe, Latin America and Southeast Asia. As he was a business owner before becoming a lawyer, Bert especially enjoys assisting business owners with establishing and growing their businesses. He has assisted businesses in information technology, retail and wholesale sales, engineering, building and home contracting, printing,...
Warrenton, VA 20186
(540) 351-0890 Post Office Box 86571
 Vint Hill Farms, VA 20187
Robert C Lehrman
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawgsearch
Oakton, VA Business Law Lawyer. 28 years experience
(202) 449-3739 2911 Hunter Mill Road
Suite 303
 Oakton, VA 22124
Business
State University of New York - College at Buffalo (Buffalo State College)
Show Preview
View Blog Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Robert C. Lehrman is the principal attorney at Lehrman Beverage Law, PLLC. Robert founded the firm in 2001 after 12 years at the Washington, DC office of a larger firm that specializes in federal and state administrative law. From 1998 until 2001 Robert was the partner in charge of the firm's Washington, DC office. Mr. Lehrman concentrates on the federal regulation of alcohol beverages (beer, wine and spirits). He has advised many companies on the production, labeling, advertising, and taxation of a wide variety of consumer products: foreign and domestic, with and without alcohol, fit and unfit for beverage purposes. He has helped...
George Hawkins
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Vienna, VA Business Law Lawyer. 20 years experience
(800) 747-9354 8300 Boone Blvd #550
 Vienna, VA 22182
Business, Personal Injury and Real Estate
George Washington University - Virginia Campus
Show Preview
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
George Hawkins focuses his practice on business representation, civil litigation, and all matters affecting real estate. He represents buyers, sellers, and developers in all phases of residential and commercial real estate transactions. He also advises and counsels businesses in all aspects ranging from the formation, acquisition, and management of the business entity. George is AV®-Rated by Martindale-Hubbell® Peer-Review Ratings, the highest rating available for excellence in legal ethics and practice. George has served on NVAR’s standard forms committee since 2011 and is the 2015 Chair of that committee. He is often asked to speak to members of the real...
Phillip Quatrini
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Vienna, VA Business Law Attorney. 21 years experience
(703) 859-4943 8460 Tyco Road
Suite H
 Vienna, VA 22182
Business and Communications
The Catholic University of America
Show Preview
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Phillip A. Quatrini is an experienced corporate transactions attorney, who formerly practiced in the Washington, DC office of Bryan Cave LLP, where he has represented public and private companies in a variety of domestic and international transactions for more than fifteen years. Practice focuses on public and private company mergers and acquisitions, and angel, venture capital and private equity financing in addition to general corporate work. Significant experience in forming and structuring privately held corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships and nonprofit entities, including limited liability companies with multiple preferred equity structures.
Louis Ventre
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Oakton, VA Business Law Lawyer.
(703) 242-1247 2483 Oakton Hills Dr
 Oakton, VA 22124
Business
View Lawyer Profile
Dirk McClanahan
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Vienna, VA Business Law Attorney.
(703) 546-8594 1604 Spring Hill Road, Suite 321
 Vienna, VA 22182
Free ConsultationBusiness, Estate Planning and IP
Michigan State University
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile
Mr. McClanahan is a Fairfax, Virginia native who studied law at Michigan State University College of Law. Mr. McClanahan provides knowledgeable and compassionate legal expertise to individuals, families, and businesses in a variety of legal issues including trusts and estates, criminal law, business law, litigation, and negotiations. Mr. McClanahan has experience working with small businesses and nonprofit organizations; creating new business entities, preparing and reviewing contracts, and assisting nonprofit organizations in applying for tax exempt status. In addition, Mr. McClanahan is an experienced contract attorney, who has taken part in cases with legal issues ranging from mergers to Department of Justice antitrust...
Lauren Mooney
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Vienna, VA Business Law Lawyer. 17 years experience
1577 Spring Hill Road
Suite 500
 Vienna, VA 22182
Business and Real Estate
Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Rongping Wu
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Vienna, VA Business Law Lawyer. 12 years experience
(703) 349-2379 8000 Towers Crescent Drive
Suite 1350
 Vienna, VA 22182
Business, Arbitration & Mediation and International
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Michael Stamp
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Vienna, VA Business Law Lawyer.
(703) 546-8517 1604 Spring Hill Road, 4th Floor
 Vienna, VA 22182
Free ConsultationBusiness, Criminal and DUI
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Stuart Gary
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Vienna, VA Business Law Lawyer. 44 years experience
(703) 790-1900 8045 Leesburg Pike
Fifth Floor
 Vienna, VA 22182
Free ConsultationBusiness, Landlord Tenant and Real Estate
American University Washington College of Law
Show Preview
Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
My practice emphasises resolution of small to medium size business issues and the incorporation of the resolution practice in the organization and reorganization of business entities.
Sponsored Listings
PREMIUM
Gobind S. Sethi
(703) 925-9500Free Consultation
Reston, VA Business Law Lawyer
13 years experience
View Website Email Lawyer View Profile
PREMIUM
James M. Sack
(703) 883-0102
McLean, VA Business Law Lawyer
40 years experience
View Website Email Lawyer View Profile
Ms. Rana Sneij Syriani Esq
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Vienna, VA Business Law Lawyer. 9 years experience
(703) 786-8340 8300 Boone Blvd
Suite 500
 Vienna, VA 22182
Free ConsultationBusiness, Bankruptcy, Divorce and Family
American University Washington College of Law
Show Preview
View Website View Lawyer Profile
Attorney Rana Sneij Syriani is an experienced (Immigration, Family & Traffic Attorney), representing clients at the Law offices of American Lawyers Group, PLLC. She has extensive experience in the area of divorce law (contested and uncontested), child custody, child support, adoption, spousal support, property division and settlement and post judgment modifications and name changes and many other family law cases as listed below. Ms. Syriani will represent you, if you live in one of the following Virginia counties: Fairfax , Falls Church, Arlington, Loudoun, Vienna, Warren, King George, Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania, Prince William County, Culpeper and Stafford. Ms. Syriani...
Ursula Koenig burgess
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Vienna, VA Business Law Lawyer. 17 years experience
(703) 790-1911 8133 Leesburg Pike
9th Floor
 Vienna, VA 22182
Business, Collections and Real Estate
Drake University Law School
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Mr. Brian Denton West Esq.
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Vienna, VA Business Law Lawyer. 31 years experience
(703) 564-4600 8500 Leesburg Pike
Suite 400
 Vienna, VA 22182
Business, Criminal, DUI and Divorce
George Mason University School of Law
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Alfred H. Velarde Esq.
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Vienna, VA Business Law Attorney.
(703) 883-8161 2517 Babcock Road
 Vienna, VA 22181
Business, Broker Fraud, International and White Collar Crime
Harvard Law School
Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Pedram Baghani
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Vienna, VA Business Law Attorney. 8 years experience
(703) 847-3670 8000 Towers Crescent Dr
13th Floor
 Vienna, VA 22182
Business, Immigration and Personal Injury
Western Michigan University Cooley Law School
Show Preview
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Attorney
Tom Parrott
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Vienna, VA Business Law Attorney.
(703) 752-3759 8065 Leesburg Pike
Suite 200
 Vienna, VA 22182
Business, Antitrust and Securities
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Dennis Santoli Esq
Vienna, VA Business Law Lawyer.
1751 Wexford Way
 Vienna, VA 22182
Business, Family, Medical Malpractice and Personal Injury
Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Jeffrey White Esq
Vienna, VA Business Law Lawyer.
9425 Lakeside Dr
 Vienna, VA 22182
Business and Environmental
View Lawyer Profile
Patricia Dicke Esq
Vienna, VA Business Law Attorney.
501 Church St NE
 Vienna, VA 22180
Business, Elder, Family and Medical Malpractice
Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Warren Greene
Vienna, VA Business Law Attorney. 56 years experience
1818 Creek Crossing Rd
 Vienna, VA 22182
Business, Bankruptcy, Employment and IP
View Lawyer Profile
Sponsored Listings
PREMIUM
Charles Sickels
(703) 925-0500Free Consultation
Fairfax, VA Business Law Lawyer
38 years experience
View Website Email Lawyer View Profile
PREMIUM
Eric Jackson
(703) 883-0102
McLean, VA Business Law Attorney
23 years experience
View Website Email Lawyer View Profile
Edward Gonzalez
Claimed Lawyer ProfileLII SilverBlawgsearchSocial Media
McLean, VA Business Law Lawyer.
(855) 822-1400 8201 Greensboro Dr.
#300
 McLean, VA 22102
Free ConsultationBusiness, Bankruptcy, Foreclosure Defense and Tax
Georgetown University Law Center
Show Preview
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Former IRS attorney focused on solving complex financial problems of individuals and businesses in MD, VA and DC. More than 20 years experience. Many of your questions regarding debt and tax problems can be answered at our website: www.Money-Law.com.
(855) 822-1400 2405 I St NW
#1-A
 Washington, DC 20037
(855) 822-1400 6301 Ivy Ln
#700
 Greenbelt, MD 20770
Kenneth L. Samuelson
Claimed Lawyer ProfileLII SilverSocial Media
Reston, VA Business Law Lawyer. 44 years experience
(877) 800-8739 11654 Plaza America Dr.
Box #302
 Reston, VA 20190
Business, Bankruptcy, Communications and Real Estate
University of Michigan Law School
Show Preview
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Commercial real estate and technology transactions and litigation, including contracts, leases (ground, air rights, and space), financings, LLC operating agreements and disputes, teaming and licensing agreements, subcontracts, non-competes, reciprocal easements and other types of sharing agreements, and outsourcing. District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia
(877) 800-8739 2020 Pennsylvania Ave NW
#417
 Washington, DC 20006
(877) 800-8739 4938 Hampden Ln
Box #203
 Bethesda, MD 20814
James M. Sack
Claimed Lawyer ProfileLII Silver
McLean, VA Business Law Lawyer. 40 years experience
(703) 883-0102 8270 Greensboro Dr
#810
 McLean, VA 22102
Business, Estate Planning, Probate and Tax
Georgetown University Law Center and Boston University School of Law
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Eric Jackson
Claimed Lawyer ProfileLII Silver
McLean, VA Business Law Attorney. 23 years experience
(703) 883-0102 8270 Greensboro Dr
#810
 McLean, VA 22102
Business, Employment and IP
University of Wisconsin Law School
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Stacy Costello
Claimed Lawyer ProfileLII Silver
McLean, VA Business Law Attorney. 26 years experience
(703) 883-0102 8270 Greensboro Dr
#810
 McLean, VA 22102
Business, Estate Planning and Probate
American University Washington College of Law
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Gobind S. Sethi
Claimed Lawyer ProfileLII SilverSocial Media
Reston, VA Business Law Lawyer. 13 years experience
(703) 925-9500 11260 Roger Bacon Dr
#400
 Reston, VA 20190
Free ConsultationBusiness, Personal Injury and Products Liability
American University Washington College of Law
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Jeffrey J. Renzulli
Claimed Lawyer ProfileLII Silver
McLean, VA Business Law Attorney. 21 years experience
(703) 564-7313 8270 Greensboro Dr
#810
 McLean, VA 22102
Business and Real Estate
Boston College Law School
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Merritt James Green
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ALII GoldSocial Media
McLean, VA Business Law Lawyer. 19 years experience
(703) 556-0411 6849 Old Dominion Drive
Suite 220
 McLean, VA 22101
Free ConsultationBusiness, Administrative and Employment
Syracuse University College of Law and University of Oxford
Show Preview
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Mr. Green is General Counsel, P.C.'s founder, managing partner and leads its employment law practice. Merritt serves as an outside general counsel to numerous clients providing guidance on legal issues confronting businesses and non-profit organizations ranging from contracts and agreements to the structuring of corporate transactions and business formations. Merritt also represents businesses and individuals in all aspects of labor and employment law. Merritt received his J.D., cum laude, from the Syracuse University College of Law (1997). At Syracuse, he was an Associate Editor of the Syracuse Law Review and was Editor-in-Chief of The Labor Lawyer, the publication...
Charles Sickels
Claimed Lawyer ProfileLII SilverBlawgsearchSocial Media
Fairfax, VA Business Law Lawyer. 38 years experience
(703) 925-0500 3925 Chain Bridge Rd
#402
 Fairfax, VA 22030
Free ConsultationBusiness, Medical Malpractice and Personal Injury
American University Washington College of Law
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Mary Mikell Baker
Claimed Lawyer ProfileLII SilverBlawgsearchSocial Media
Reston, VA Business Law Lawyer.
(703) 722-0588 1818 Library St
#500
 Reston, VA 20190
Business, Employment and Trademarks
Georgetown University Law Center
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Sponsored Listings
PREMIUM
Mary Mikell Baker
(703) 722-0588
Reston, VA Business Law Lawyer
View Website Email Lawyer View Profile
PREMIUM
Stacy Costello
(703) 883-0102
McLean, VA Business Law Attorney
26 years experience
View Website Email Lawyer View Profile
Gary Brooks Mims
Claimed Lawyer ProfileLII SilverBlawgsearchSocial Media
Fairfax, VA Business Law Lawyer.
(703) 925-0500 3925 Chain Bridge Rd
#402
 Fairfax, VA 22030
Free ConsultationBusiness, Medical Malpractice, Personal Injury and Products Liability
George Mason University School of Law
Show Preview
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Known for consistent courtroom success, Gary B. Mims has practiced law since 1980. He was a defense litigator for 20 years, defending a heavy schedule of trials involving automobile, trucking, train and other transportation accidents and a wide variety of personal injury cases. He developed a special interest and significant experience in medical malpractice, first from the defense side, and since 1999, as a plaintiff's attorney. He has successfully represented clients in complicated medical cases involving failure to diagnose cancer, defective joint prostheses, anesthesia-related injuries and weight-loss drugs. Gary has also successfully represented clients suffering injury...
Jay M. McDannell
Claimed Lawyer ProfileLII SilverBlawgsearchSocial Media
Reston, VA Business Law Lawyer.
(703) 722-0588 1818 Library St
#500
 Reston, VA 20190
Business, Civil Rights, Construction and Employment
Georgetown University Law Center
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Lee E. Berlik
Claimed Lawyer ProfileLII SilverBlawgsearchSocial Media
Reston, VA Business Law Attorney. 20 years experience
(703) 722-0588 1818 Library St
#500
 Reston, VA 20190
Business, Arbitration & Mediation, Communications and IP
American University Washington College of Law
Show Preview
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Lee E. Berlik is the founder and managing member of BerlikLaw, LLC. Based in Northern Virginia, BerlikLaw concentrates its practice in the areas of defamation law (libel and slander), business disputes, and intellectual property litigation. Formerly with Troutman Sanders and Mintz Levin, Lee brings his big-firm background and experience to offer clients top-notch legal services at drastically reduced rates. Lee is listed among Virginia's "Legal Elite" by Virginia Business Magazine and is rated "AV" by Martindale-Hubbell.
Juan E. Milanes, Esq.
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&A
Reston, VA Business Law Lawyer. 22 years experience
(703) 880-4881 1831 Wiehle Avenue, Suite 105
 Reston, VA 20190
Free ConsultationBusiness, Bankruptcy, Broker Fraud and Foreclosure Defense
American University Washington College of Law
Show Preview
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Mr. Milanes has built a solid reputation for outstanding legal work and inspirational management and mediation skills. Throughout his twelve year career with the United States Department of Justice, during which time he held several positions ranging from Federal Prosecutor to trainer for the Overseas Prosecutorial Development, Assistance and Training Office, Mr. Milanes appeared as lead counsel in several hundred cases, successfully trying several. He spent years working in various capacities in both the Washington, D.C. metro area and Suan Juan districts and, in addition to having significant legal connections and being a well-respected litigator in both jurisdictions,...
(703) 880-4881 c/o Law Offices of Juan Milanes PLLC
1831 Wiehle Ave Ste 105
 Reston, VA 20190
(703) 880-4881 c/o Law Offices of Juan Milanes PLLC
1831 Wiehle Ave Ste 105
 Reston, VA 20120
Yan Wang
Claimed Lawyer Profile
Merrifield, VA Business Law Attorney. 15 years experience
PO BOX 2766
 Merrifield, VA 22116
Business
Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Guity Deyhimy
Claimed Lawyer Profile
McLean, VA Business Law Lawyer. 37 years experience
(703) 584-7893 1600 Tyson's Boulevard Eighth Floor
 McLean, VA 22102
Business and IP
University of California Hastings College of the Law
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Jonathan D. Frieden
Claimed Lawyer ProfileBlawgsearchSocial Media
Fairfax, VA Business Law Attorney.
(703) 218-2125 9302 Lee Highway, Suite 1100
 Fairfax, VA 22031
Business and IP
T.C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond
Show Preview
View Blog Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Jonathan Frieden is a principal in Odin, Feldman & Pittleman, P.C.'s Litigation practice group where he tries a variety of complex commercial disputes and criminal matters. His diverse civil practice encompasses intellectual property litigation, including trademark and copyright enforcement proceedings; the representation of management in employment discrimination claims; the defense of corporations against consumer claims; and a variety of commercial contract disputes. Mr. Frieden counsels e-commerce businesses in a variety of industries and recently led the team of attorneys representing one of these businesses in its acquisition by a publicly traded company. He is also the author of E-Commerce Law (www.ecommercelaw.typepad.com),...
Sean R Hanover
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ASocial Media
Fairfax, VA Business Law Lawyer.
(800) 579-9864 2751 Prosperity Ave.
Suite 150
 Fairfax, VA 22031
Business, Criminal, Employment and Family
Show Preview
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Attorney Hanover has been working in the legal arena since graduating with double Master Degrees in Employment Law (HR) and Union Law (Industrial Relations) in 1996. He obtained his JD from the University of the District of Columbia in 2008 and maintains a vibrant practice focusing on immigration, bankruptcy, criminal defense, and business law. In a twist he never saw coming, Mr. Hanover has become accomplished at defending gang members and individuals convicted of drug offenses in immigration court. In addition to his law practice, Mr. Hanover also owns an IT consulting company, HHC, Inc. based in Fairfax, VA. This company...
(703) 402-2723 888 16th St., NW
Suite 800
 Washington, DC 20006
Beeraj Patel
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
Fairfax, VA Business Law Lawyer. 18 years experience
(703) 539-8093 3900 University Drive, Suite 100
 Fairfax, VA 22030
Free ConsultationBusiness, Bankruptcy and Immigration
The John Marshall Law School
Show Preview
View Website Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
As a first generation American, Attorney Beeraj Patel understands firsthand through life experience the struggles of all those who are entangled at any stage of the immigration process. He knows how difficult it can be for talented individuals coming from other nations to negotiate through the complicated and even daunting immigration system of the United States. This shared connection aids Beeraj in constantly improving his services as an immigration attorney. In addition to being an attorney, Mr. Patel is the featured writer on www.fairfaximmigrationfirm.com and www.fairfaxbankruptcylaw.com, where he blogs about immigration and bankruptcy law respectively. Beeraj Patel’s philosophy...
Michaela Barry
Claimed Lawyer ProfileSocial Media
McLean, VA Business Law Attorney. 25 years experience
1751 Pinnacle Drive, Suite 600
 McLean, VA 22102
Business, Communications, IP and Trademarks
Georgetown University Law Center
Show Preview
Email Lawyer View Lawyer Profile
Highly flexible, experienced government contracting, data privacy and security attorney with a strong IT, cybersecurity, and data privacy background. Subject Matter Expert on Internet data security and privacy issues. Testified before US Congress as well as the US and VA Senate. CISSP, CIPT, CIPP/US, CFCM.
Sponsored Listings
PREMIUM
Lee E. Berlik
(703) 722-0588
Reston, VA Business Law Attorney
20 years experience
View Website Email Lawyer View Profile
PREMIUM
Jeffrey J. Renzulli
(703) 564-7313
McLean, VA Business Law Attorney
21 years experience
View Website Email Lawyer View Profile

Business Lawyers in Nearby Cities

Business Lawyers in Nearby Counties

FAQ Lawyers Get Listed

Related Practice Areas

Intellectual Property
Securities Law
Tax Law

Need legal help with a business law matter?

Business laws include all municipal, state, and federal laws that regulate businesses and commerce. Some industries, such as finance, face specific laws and regulations that apply to those in the field. Businesses of all types also must conform to many regulations that apply across the board, such as environmental regulations and advertising laws.

A business lawyer can help you address the myriad legal issues that arise when you are starting a new venture, operating an established company, or winding up or selling a business.

Business lawyers handle a broad spectrum of legal issues that confront companies. For new ventures, a business lawyer can help with business formation decisions, including selecting the proper business form, such a partnership, LLC or corporation, or addressing financial compliance issues when raising capital. In addition, business lawyers can offer advice when reviewing leases, purchase agreements, and other types of contracts. Other issues covered in this practice area include employee compensation and benefits, building relationships with independent contractors and other entities, and compliance with relevant advertising regulations.

While most business lawyers deal in transactional work (contracts and forms), some also litigate business disputes that arise from transactional work. Business litigation attorneys may handle issues such as breach of contract claims, consumer class action lawsuits, and wrongful termination claims.

Business judgment rule: a presumption that directors making a business decision, not involving self-interest, act on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that their actions are in the corporation's best interest.

Pierce the veil: A court no longer affords a shareholder of a corporation the protection of limited liability when the corporation has neglected corporate formalities and intermingled assets between the shareholder and the corporation.

Researching Attorney Discipline

Find out whether an attorney has ever been disciplined.