CALCRIM No. 3221. Aggravated White Collar Crime (Pen. Code, § 186.11(a)(1))
Judicial Council of California Criminal Jury Instructions (2023 edition)
Download PDF
H. OTHER ENHANCEMENTS
3221.Aggravated White Collar Crime (Pen. Code, § 186.11(a)(1))
If you find the defendant guilty of the crime[s] charged in Count[s]
[,] [or of attempting to commit (that/those) crime[s]][ or the
lesser crimes[s] of <insert lesser offense[s]>], you must then
decide whether the People have proved the additional allegation that the
defendant engaged in a pattern of related felony conduct that (involved
the taking of/ [or] resulted in the loss by another person or entity of)
more than $ <insert amount alleged>.
To prove this allegation, the People must prove that:
1. The defendant committed two or more related felonies,
specifically <insert names of alleged felonies and
descriptions if necessary>;
2. Fraud or embezzlement was a material element of at least two
related felonies committed by the defendant;
3. The related felonies involved a pattern of related felony conduct;
AND
4. The pattern of related felony conduct (involved the taking of/ [or]
resulted in the loss by another person or entity of) more than
$<insert amount alleged>.
Apattern of related felony conduct means engaging in at least two
felonies that have the same or similar purpose, result, principals, victims,
or methods of commission, or are otherwise interrelated by
distinguishing characteristics, and that are not isolated events.
Related felonies are felonies committed against two or more separate
victims, or against the same victim on two or more separate occasions.
[Fraud is a material element of <insert name of alleged
felony>.]
[Embezzlement is a material element of <insert name of
alleged felony>.]
The People have the burden of proving this allegation beyond a
reasonable doubt. If the People have not met this burden, you must find
that this allegation has not been proved.
New January 2006; Revised December 2008
925
BENCH NOTES
Instructional Duty
The court has a sua sponte duty to give this instruction on the enhancement when
charged. (Apprendi v. New Jersey (2000) 530 U.S. 466, 490 [120 S.Ct. 2348, 147
L.Ed.2d 435].)
If the court has not otherwise instructed the jury on all the elements of the
underlying felonies, the court must also give the appropriate instructions on those
elements.
It is unclear if the court may instruct the jury that the fraud or embezzlement is a
material element of the felonies. The bracketed sentences are provided for the court
to use at its discretion.
AUTHORITY
• Enhancement. Pen. Code, § 186.11(a)(1).
SECONDARY SOURCES
3 Witkin & Epstein, California Criminal Law (4th ed. 2012) Punishment, § 379.
5 Witkin & Epstein, California Criminal Law (4th ed. 2012) Criminal Trial, § 727.
5 Millman, Sevilla & Tarlow, California Criminal Defense Practice, Ch. 91,
Sentencing, § 91.49 (Matthew Bender).
6 Millman, Sevilla & Tarlow, California Criminal Defense Practice, Ch. 143, Crimes
Against Property, § 143.01[4][d], [f] (Matthew Bender).
CALCRIM No. 3221 ENHANCEMENTS AND SENTENCING FACTORS
926
© Judicial Council of California.
