CACI No. VF-3106. Abduction - Individual or Individual and Employer Defendants (Welf. & Inst. Code, §§ 15610.06, 15657.05; Civ. Code, § 3294(b))
Judicial Council of California Civil Jury Instructions (2023 edition)
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VF-3106.Abduction - Individual or Individual and Employer
Defendants (Welf. & Inst. Code, §§ 15610.06, 15657.05; Civ. Code,
§ 3294(b))
We answer the questions submitted to us as follows:
1. Was [name of plaintiff/decedent] [65 years of age or older/a
dependent adult] at the time of the conduct?
1. Yes No
1. If your answer to question 1 is yes, then answer question 2. If you
answered no, stop here, answer no further questions, and have
the presiding juror sign and date this form.
2. Did [name of employee defendant] [remove [name of
plaintiff/decedent] from California and] restrain
[him/her/nonbinary pronoun/[name of plaintiff/decedent]] from
returning to California?
2. Yes No
2. If your answer to question 2 is yes, then answer question 3. If you
answered no, stop here, answer no further questions, and have
the presiding juror sign and date this form.
3. Did [name of plaintiff/decedent] lack the capacity to consent to the
[removal and] restraint?
3. Yes No
3. If your answer to question 3 is yes, then answer question 4. If you
answered no, stop here, answer no further questions, and have
the presiding juror sign and date this form.
4. Was [name of employee defendant]’s conduct a substantial factor in
causing harm to [name of plaintiff/decedent]?
4. Yes No
4. If your answer to question 4 is yes, then answer question 5 [and]
[select 6, 7, or both]. If you answered no, stop here, answer no
further questions, and have the presiding juror sign and date this
form.
5. What are [name of plaintiff/decedent]’s damages?
[a. Past economic loss
[lost earnings $ ]
[lost profits $ ]
458
[medical expenses $ ]
[other past economic loss $ ]
[a. Total Past Economic Damages: $ ]
[b. Future economic loss
[lost earnings $ ]
[lost profits $ ]
[medical expenses $ ]
[other future economic loss $ ]
[b. Total Future Economic Damages: $ ]
[c. Past noneconomic loss, including [physical
pain/mental suffering:] $ ]
[d. Future noneconomic loss, including [physical
pain/mental suffering:] $ ]
5. TOTAL $
[6. Did [name of plaintiff] prove by clear and convincing evidence that
[name of employee defendant] was an officer, director, or managing
agent of [name of employer defendant] acting on behalf of [name of
defendant].
[6. Yes No]
[7. Did [name of plaintiff] prove 1 through 4 above by clear and
convincing evidence?
[7. Yes No]
[7. [If your answer to question 7 is yes, then answer question 8. If
you answered no, stop here, answer no further questions, and
have the presiding juror sign and date this form.
8. What were [name of decedent]’s damages for noneconomic loss for
pain, suffering, or disfigurement incurred before death?
]
Signed: Presiding Juror
Dated:
After [this verdict form has/all verdict forms have] been signed, notify
the [clerk/bailiff/court attendant] that you are ready to present your
verdict in the courtroom.
ELDER ABUSE & DEPENDENT ADULTS VF-3106
459
New September 2003; Revised April 2007, April 2008, October 2008, December
2010, December 2016
Directions for Use
This verdict form is based on CACI No. 3109, Abduction - Essential Factual
Elements, CACI No. 3110, Abduction - Enhanced Remedies Sought, and CACI No.
3102A, Employer Liability for Enhanced Remedies - Both Individual and Employer
Defendants.
The special verdict forms in this section are intended only as models. They may
need to be modified depending on the facts of the case.
Question 3 can be altered to correspond to the alternative bracketed option in
element 3 of CACI No. 3109.
If specificity is not required, users do not have to itemize all the damages listed in
question 5 and do not have to categorize “economic” and “noneconomic” damages,
especially if it is not a Proposition 51 case. The breakdown of damages is optional
depending on the circumstances.
Optional questions 6, 7, and 8 address enhanced remedies. If the abduction is
proved by clear and convincing evidence, attorney fees, costs, and a decedent’s
predeath pain and suffering may be recovered. (See Welf. & Inst. Code,
§ 15657.05.) If any of these remedies are sought against the employer, include
question 6. (See Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15657.05(c).) Question 6 may be altered to
correspond to one of the alternative bracketed options for employer liability in
CACI No. 3102A.
If any enhanced remedies are sought against either the individual or the employer,
include question 7. If the abduction led to the abductee’s death, in question 5
include only item 5a for past economic loss. But also include the transitional
language after question 7 and include question 8.
In the transitional language after question 4, direct the jury to answer questions 6, 7,
or both, depending on which questions are to be included. If question 7 is to be
included but question 6 is not, then 7 will be renumbered as 6.
If punitive damages are sought, incorporate language from a verdict form for
punitive damages. (See CACI Nos. VF-3900-VF-3904.)
If there are multiple causes of action, users may wish to combine the individual
forms into one form. If different damages are recoverable on different causes of
action, replace the damages tables in all of the verdict forms with CACI No. VF-
3920, Damages on Multiple Legal Theories.
If the jury is being given the discretion under Civil Code section 3288 to award
prejudgment interest (see Bullis v. Security Pac. Nat’l Bank (1978) 21 Cal.3d 801,
814 [148 Cal.Rptr. 22, 582 P.2d 109]), give CACI No. 3935, Prejudgment Interest.
This verdict form may need to be augmented for the jury to make any factual
findings that are required in order to calculate the amount of prejudgment interest.
VF-3106 ELDER ABUSE & DEPENDENT ADULTS
460
© Judicial Council of California.
